Igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ezo aka na ígwè nwere nnukwu okpomọkụ oxidation nguzogide na ike okpomọkụ dị elu. Nnukwu okpomọkụ oxidation eguzogide bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji hụ na workpiece na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge na elu okpomọkụ. Na gburugburu oxidizing dị ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu, ikuku oxygen na-emeghachi ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'elu ígwè na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nke ígwè oxide n'ígwé. Okpokoro oxide na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu, na-efunahụ njirimara mbụ nke ígwè, ọ dịkwa mfe ịdapụ. Iji meziwanye nguzogide oxidation dị elu nke ígwè, a na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ígwè iji gbanwee usoro oxide. Ihe ndị na-eji alloying eme ihe bụ chromium, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum na ndị ọzọ. Igwe ọkụ oxidation dị elu nke ígwè na-ejikọta naanị na ihe mejupụtara kemịkal.
Ike okpomọkụ dị elu na-ezo aka n'ikike nke ígwè iji kwado ibu ọrụ ogologo oge na okpomọkụ dị elu. Enwere isi mmetụta abụọ nke ígwè n'okpuru ibu ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ. Otu na-adị nro, ya bụ, ike na-ebelata na okpomọkụ na-abawanye. Nke abụọ bụ ihe na-akpụ akpụ, ya bụ, n'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide mgbe nile, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nrụrụ plastik ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye na oge. Nrụrụ plastik nke ígwè na oke okpomọkụ na-akpata site na intragranular slips na ókèala ókèala ọka. Iji meziwanye ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke ígwè, a na-ejikarị ụzọ alloying eme ihe. Ya bụ, alloying ihe na-agbakwunyere na ígwè iji melite njikọ njikọ n'etiti atọm na-etolite a mma Ọdịdị. Na-agbakwụnye chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, wdg, nwere ike iwusi ígwè matriks, dịkwuo recrystallization okpomọkụ, na nwekwara ike na-etolite ike na-adọ carbides ma ọ bụ intermetallic ogige, dị ka Cr23C6, VC, TiC, wdg Ndị a ike n'ụzọ bụ ndị na-ewusi n'ụzọ bụ ndị a ike n'ụzọ na-adọ bụ ndị na-ewusi n'ụzọ bụ́ ndị a ike n'ụzọ bụ́ ndị a ike n'ụzọ bụ́ ndị a na-ewusi n'ụzọ bụ́ ndị a ike na-adọ bụ ndị na-ewusi n'ụzọ. kwụsie ike na okpomọkụ dị elu, adịghị agbaze, adịghị ejikọta na-eto eto, ma nọgide na-esi ike ha. A na-agbakwunye nickel tumadi iji nwetaaustenite. A na-ahazi atọm dị na austenite nke ọma karịa ferrite, ike njikọ dị n'etiti atọm siri ike, na mgbasa nke atọm na-esikwa ike karị. Ya mere, ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke austenite ka mma. Enwere ike ịhụ na ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ abụghị nanị ihe jikọrọ ya na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, kamakwa metụtara microstructure.
Elu-alloy okpomọkụ na-eguzogideihe nkedo ígwèA na-ejikarị eme ihe n'oge ebe okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ karịrị 650 ℃. Ihe nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na-ezo aka nchara na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu. Mmepe nke nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọganihu nkà na ụzụ nke ngalaba mmepụta ihe dị iche iche dị ka ọdụ ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ, gas turbines, n'ime ụlọ combustion engine, na aero engines. N'ihi okpomọkụ dị iche iche na nrụgide nke igwe na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche na-eji, yana gburugburu ebe dị iche iche, ụdị ígwè eji eme ihe dịkwa iche.
Ọkwa nke igwe anaghị agba nchara | |||||||||
| Otu dị iche iche | AISI | W-nkwakọba | DIN | BS | SS | AFNOR | UNE / IHA | JIS | UNI |
| Martensitic na Ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara | 420C | 1,4034 | X43Cr16 | ||||||
| 440 B/1 | 1,4112 | X90 Cr Mo V18 | |||||||
| - | 1.2083 | X42 cr 13 | - | 2314 | Z 40C 14 | F.5263 | SUS 420 J1 | - | |
| 403 | 1.4000 | X6Cr13 | 403 S17 | 2301 | Z 6C 13 | F.3110 | Sus 403 | X6Cr13 | |
| (410S) | 1.4001 | X7 cr 14 | (403 S17) | 2301 | Z 8C 13 | F.3110 | SUS 410 S | X6Cr13 | |
| 405 | 1.4002 | X6 CrAl 13 | 405 S 17 | - | Z 8 CA 12 | F.3111 | Sus 405 | X6 CrAl 13 | |
| 416 | 1.4005 | X12 crS 13 | 416 S 21 | 2380 | Z 11 CF 13 | F.3411 | Sus 416 | X12CrS13 | |
| 410 | 1.4006 | X 10 cr 13 | 410 S21 | 2302 | Z 10C 14 | F.3401 | Sus 410 | X12Cr13 | |
| 430 | 1.4016 | X6 cr 17 | 430 S 17 | 2320 | Z 8C 17 | F.3113 | Sus 430 | X8Cr17 | |
| 420 | 1.4021 | X20 cr 13 | 420 S 37 | 2303 | Z 20C 13 | F.3402 | SUS 420 J1 | X20Cr13 | |
| 420F | 1.4028 | X30 cr 13 | 420 S 45 | (2304) | Z 30C 13 | F.3403 | SUS 420 J2 | X30Cr13 | |
| (420) | 1.4031 | X39Cr13 | 420 S 45 | (2304) | Z 40C 14 | F.3404 | (SUS 420 J1) | - | |
| 431 | 1.4057 | X20 CRNi 17 2 | 431 S 29 | 2321 | Z 15 CNi 16.02 | F.3427 | Sus 431 | X16CrNi16 | |
| 430F | 1.4104 | X12 CrMoS 17 | - | 2383 | Z 10 CF 17 | F.3117 | SUS 430 F | X10CrS17 | |
| 434 | 1.4113 | X6 CRMo 17 | 434 S 17 | 2325 | Z 8 CD 17.01 | - | Sus 434 | X8CrMo17 | |
| 430Ti | 1.4510 | X6 CrTi 17 | - | - | Z 4 CT 17 | - | SUS 430 LX | X6CrTi17 | |
| 409 | 1.4512 | X5 CrTi 12 | 409 S 17 | - | Z 6 CT 12 | - | SUH 409 | X6CrTi12 | |
| Austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara | 304 | 1.4301 | X5 CRNi 18 9 | 304 S 15 | 2332 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | Sus 304 | X5CrNi18 10 |
| 305 | 1.4303 | X5 KrNi 18 12 | 305 S 19 | - | Z 8 CN 18.12 | - | SUS 305 | X8CrNi19 10 | |
| 303 | 1.4305 | X12 CrNiS 18 8 | 303 S21 | 2346 | Z 10 CNF 18.09 | F.3508 | SUS 303 | X10CrNiS 18 09 | |
| 304L | 1.4306 | X2 CrNiS 18 9 | 304 S 12 | 2352 | Z 2 CN 18.10 | F.3503 | SUS 304L | X2CrNi18 11 | |
| 301 | 1.4310 | X12 CRNi 17 7 | - | 2331 | Z 12 CN 17.07 | F.3517 | SUS 301 | X12CrNi17 07 | |
| 304 | 1.4350 | X5 CRNi 18 9 | 304 S31 | 2332 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | Sus 304 | X5CrNi18 10 | |
| 304 | 1.4350 | X5 CRNi 18 9 | 304 S31 | 2333 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | Sus 304 | X5CrNi18 10 | |
| 304LN | 1.4311 | X2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 S 62 | 2371 | Z 2 CN 18.10 | - | SUS 304 LN | - | |
| 316 | 1.4401 | X5 CrNiMo 18 10 | 316 S 16 | 2347 | Z 6 CND 17.11 | F.3543 | Sus 316 | X5CrNiMo17 12 | |
| 316L | 1.4404 | - | 316 S 12/13/14/22/24 | 2348 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | SUS316L | X2CrNiMo17 12 | ||
| 316LN | 1.4429 | X2 CrNiMoN 18 13 | - | 2375 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | - | SUS 316 LN | - | |
| 316L | 1.4435 | X2 CrNiMo 18 12 | 316 S 12/13/14/22/24 | 2353 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | - | SUS316L | X2CrNiMo17 12 | |
| 316 | 1.4436 | - | 316 S 33 | 2343 | Z 6 CND18-12-03 | - | - | X8CrNiMo 17 13 | |
| 317L | 1.4438 | X2 CrNiMo 18 16 | 317 S 12 | 2367 | Z 2 CND 19.15 | - | SUS 317 L | X2CrNiMo18 16 | |
| 329 | 1.4460 | X3 CrNiMoN 27 5 2 | - | 2324 | Z5 CND 27.05.Az | F.3309 | SUS 329 J1 | - | |
| 321 | 1.4541 | X10 CrNiTi 18 9 | 321 S 12 | 2337 | Z 6 CND 18.10 | F.3553 | Sus 321 | X6CrNiTi18 11 | |
| 347 | 1.4550 | X10 CrNiNb 18 9 | 347 S 17 | 2338 | Z 6 CNNb 18.10 | F.3552 | Sus 347 | X6CrNiNb18 11 | |
| 316 Ti | 1.4571 | X10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 | 320 S 17 | 2350 | Z 6 CNDT 17.12 | F.3535 | - | X6CrNiMoTi 17 12 | |
| 309 | 1.4828 | X15 CrNiSi 20 12 | 309 S24 | - | Z 15 CNS 20.12 | - | SUH 309 | X16 KrNi 24 14 | |
| 330 | 1.4864 | X12 NiCrSi 36 16 | - | - | Z 12 NCS 35.16 | - | SUH 330 | - | |
| Duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara | S32750 | 1.4410 | X 2 CrNiMoN 25 7 4 | - | 2328 | Z3 CND 25.06 Az | - | - | - |
| S31500 | 1.4417 | X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 | - | 2376 | Z2 CND 18.05.03 | - | - | - | |
| S31803 | 1.4462 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3 | - | 2377 | Z 3 CND 22.05 (Az) | - | - | - | |
| S32760 | 1.4501 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | - | - | Z 3 CND 25.06 Az | - | - | - | |
| 630 | 1.4542 | X5CrNiCNb16-4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| A564/630 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Ụkpụrụ nke ihe nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na mba dị iche iche
1) ọkọlọtọ Chinese
GB/T 8492-2002 "Ọnọdụ Nka na ụzụ maka nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ" na-akọwapụta akara ule na njirimara okpomọkụ nke ụlọ dị iche iche nke nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ.
2) European Standard
TS EN 10295-2002 ọkọlọtọ nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ gụnyere austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, ferritic okpomọkụ na-eguzogide igwe anaghị agba nchara na austenitic-ferritic duplex okpomọkụ na-eguzogide igwe anaghị agba nchara, yana nickel dabeere alloys na cobalt alloys.
3) Ụkpụrụ America
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ akọwapụtara na ANSI/ASTM 297-2008 "General Industrial Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel Heat-resistant Steel Castings" bụ ihe ndabere maka nnabata, a na-eme nnwale arụmọrụ nke igwe naanị mgbe onye zụrụ ya rịọrọ ya. oge ịtụ. Ụkpụrụ Amerịka ndị ọzọ metụtara ihe nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ gụnyere ASTM A447/A447M-2003 na ASTM A560/560M-2005.
4) German Standard
Na DIN 17465 "Ọnọdụ Nka na ụzụ maka ihe nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ", a na-akọwapụta ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na ihe ọkụ ọkụ dị elu nke dị iche iche na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nke nkedo ígwè dị iche iche.
5) ọkọlọtọ Japanese
Akara ule dị na JISG5122-2003 "ihe nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ" bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka American Standard ASTM.
6) Russian Standard
Enwere akara ule nkedo 19 na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nke akọwapụtara na GOST 977-1988, gụnyere ọkara-chromium na elu-chromium na-eguzogide okpomọkụ.
Mmetụta nke ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na ndụ ọrụ nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
Enwere ihe dị iche iche nke kemịkal nwere ike imetụta ndụ ọrụ nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-egosipụta mmetụta ndị a n'ịkwalite nkwụsi ike nke nhazi ahụ, igbochi oxidation, ịmepụta na ịkwado austenite, na igbochi corrosion. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa, bụ ihe ndị na-achọpụta na ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, nwere ike imeziwanye nguzogide oxidation nke ígwè ma gbanwee thermoplasticity. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na alloys n'ozuzu na-ahọrọ ọla na alloys nwere ebe mgbaze dị oke elu, ike ịgbasa onwe ya dị elu ma ọ bụ ike mmejọ dị ala. Ụdị dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nwere nnukwu ihe a chọrọ na usoro mgbaze, n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke ntinye ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ntụpọ metallurgical na ígwè ga-ebelata ike ntachi obi nke ihe.
Mmetụta nke teknụzụ dị elu dị ka ọgwụgwọ ngwọta na ndụ ọrụ nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
Maka ihe ndị dị na ígwè, iji usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche ga-emetụta nhazi na nha ọka, si otú ahụ gbanwee ogo nke ike ịgbalite ọkụ. Na nyocha nke ọdịda nkedo, enwere ọtụtụ ihe na-ebute ọdịda, tumadi ike ọgwụgwụ okpomọkụ na-eduga na mgbawa mmalite na mmepe. N'otu aka ahụ, e nwere usoro ihe ndị na-emetụta mmalite na mgbasa nke cracks. N'ime ha, ọdịnaya sọlfọ dị oke mkpa n'ihi na mgbawa na-etolite n'akụkụ sulfide. Ọdịnaya sọlfọ na-emetụta ịdị mma nke akụrụngwa na agbaze ha. Maka ihe nkedo na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ikuku nchebe nke hydrogen, ọ bụrụ na hydrogen sulfide dị n'ime hydrogen, ihe nkedo ga-abụ sulfurized. Nke abuo, ntozu nke ọgwụgwọ ngwọta ga-emetụta ike na ike nke nkedo ahụ.
