Ọgwụ ọkụ kemịkalụ nke nkedo ígwè

Ọgwụ ọkụ kemịkalụ nke nkedo ígwè na-ezo aka n'itinye ihe nkedo n'ime ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'otu ọnọdụ okpomọkụ maka ichekwa okpomọkụ, ka otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe kemịkal nwere ike banye n'elu. Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke kemịkalụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, nhazi metallographic na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke elu nke nkedo ahụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkal a na-ejikarị gụnyere carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, boronizing na metalizing. Mgbe a na-eme ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkal na nkedo, ọdịdị, nha, ọnọdụ elu, na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị n'elu nke nkedo kwesịrị ịtụle nke ọma.

 

1. Carburizing

Carburizing na-ezo aka na ikpo ọkụ na ikpuchi nkedo n'ime igwe na-agba ọkụ, wee banye n'ime carbon carbon n'ime elu. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke carburizing bụ ịbawanye ọdịnaya carbon n'elu nkedo ahụ, ebe ọ na-etolite ụfọdụ gradient ọdịnaya carbon na nkedo. Ọdịnaya carbon nke carburizing ígwè bụ n'ozuzu 0.1% -0.25% iji hụ na isi nke nkedo ahụ nwere ike na ike zuru oke.

Isi ike elu nke oyi akwa carburized bụ 56HRC-63HRC. Ọdịdị metallographic nke oyi akwa carburized bụ ezigbo agịga martensite + obere ego nke austenite echekwabara na nkesa granular carbides. A naghị anabata carbide netwọkụ, yana akụkụ olu nke austenite echekwabara n'ozuzu anaghị agafe 15%-20%.

Isi ike nke ihe nkedo ahụ ka emechara carburizing bụ n'ozuzu 30HRC-45HRC. Ihe owuwu metallographic bụ isi kwesịrị ịbụ obere carbon martensite ma ọ bụ bainite dị ala. A naghị ekwe ka ọ nwee nnukwu ferrite ma ọ bụ kpọsara ya n'akụkụ oke ọka.

Na mmepụta n'ezie, e nwere ụzọ atọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe: carburizing siri ike, mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na gas carburizing.

2. Nitriding

Nitriding na-ezo aka na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke na-abanye nitrogen atom n'ime elu nke nkedo. A na-arụkarị nitriding n'okpuru okpomọkụ Ac1, na ebumnuche ya bụ imeziwanye ike ike, iyi nguzogide, ike ike ọgwụgwụ, nkwụchi njide na nguzogide corrosion ikuku nke elu nkedo. Nitriding nke nkedo ígwè na-emekarị na 480°C-580°C. Ihe nkedo nwere aluminom, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, na tungsten, dị ka obere alloy steel, igwe anaghị agba nchara, na ihe eji ebu ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, dabara maka nitriding.

Iji hụ na isi ihe nkedo ahụ nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi metallographic, yana iji belata nrụrụ mgbe nitriding gasịrị, a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ tupu nitriding. Maka nchara nhazi, a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ quenching na tempering tupu nitriding iji nweta otu ụdị sorbite dị mma na nke ọma; maka nkedo nke na-agbagọ ngwa ngwa n'oge ọgwụgwọ nitriding, a na-achọkwa ọgwụgwọ mgbakasị ahụ mgbakasị ahụ mgbe ị kwụsịrị na iwe ọkụ; n'ihi na igwe anaghị agba nchara na Okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ihe nkedo ígwè nwere ike n'ozuzu menyụọ na iwe iwe ka mma na Ọdịdị na ike; maka austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, ngwọta okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nwere ike iji.