Metal elu ọgwụgwọ bụ a artificially kpụrụ a elu oyi akwa n'elu a metal isi ihe dị iche na n'ibu, anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara nke isi. Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ elu bụ iji zute nguzogide corrosion nke ngwaahịa, iyi nguzogide, ịchọ mma ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ chọrọ ọrụ pụrụ iche. Maka nkedo igwe, ụzọ ọgwụgwọ elu anyị na-ejikarị bụ: nchacha igwe, ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ, ọgwụgwọ elu elu, na elu fesa. Ngwọta dị n'elu nke nkedo ígwè bụ ihicha, zachaa, deburr, ibelata, na deoxidize n'elu nke workpiece.
Enwere nkọwa abụọ maka ọgwụgwọ elu. Otu bụ ọgwụgwọ elu zuru oke, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụzọ anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal gụnyere pretreatment, electroplating, eserese, chemical oxidation, thermal spraying, wdg; nke ọzọ bụ ọgwụgwọ elu nke akọwapụtara nke ọma. Ya bụ, naanị nhazi gụnyere ájá ájá, polishing, wdg, nke bụ ihe anyị na-akpọkarị tupu ọgwụgwọ.
| Ọgwụgwọ elu | Ngwa |
| Zinc Plating | Alloy ígwè ihe nkedo, carbon ígwè nkedo, akụkụ mere nke ntụ ntụ metallurgy |
| mkpuchi Zinc na-enweghị eletrọnịkị | Electroless Zinc bara ọgaranya mkpuchi na akụkụ ígwè |
| Nickel plating na-enweghị eletrọnịkị | Ihe mkpuchi nickel na-enweghị eletrọnị na nchara, igwe anaghị agba nchara, aluminom, na akụkụ ọla kọpa |
| Tin-Zinc Plating | Tin-zinc plating na akụkụ ígwè |
| Chromium plating | Ihe nkedo ọla, ihe nkedo alloy dabere na ọla kọpa |
| Ngwa nickel plating | Electroless nickel plating na ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara, na aluminum akụkụ |
| Chrome-Nickel Plating | Akụkụ ọla, akụkụ ọla |
| Zinc nickel plating | Ihe nkedo ígwè, ihe nkedo ọla, akụkụ ọla kọpa |
| Ọla kọpa-Nickel-Chromium Plating | Ọla kọpa-Nickel-Chromium Plating na ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara, aluminum akụkụ |
| Ọla kọpa | Ịtinye na akụkụ ígwè |
| Anodizing | Anodizing na ike anodizing na aluminum profaịlụ, machining na anwụ nkedo aluminum akụkụ |
| Ihe osise | Ihe osise na ihe nkiri akọrọ na ígwè, aluminum, igwe anaghị agba nchara, na akụkụ ígwè |
| Acid nhicha | Nhicha acid maka ihe nkedo igwe anaghị agba nchara, akụkụ a na-agwọ okpomọkụ, alloy super, alloy aluminum na akụkụ titanium alloy |
| Mmasị | Passivation nke ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara |
| Phosphating | Zinc na manganese phosphating nke nkedo nkịtị na akụkụ igwe |
| Electrophoresis | Electrophoresis na akụkụ ígwè |
| Electrolytic Polishing | Electrolytic polishing na igwe anaghị agba nchara akụkụ |
| Ịse Waya | Akụkụ igwe anaghị agba nchara site na nkedo, ịgbado ọkụ na akpụ |
1. Ngwọta dị n'elu
Na usoro nhazi, njem, nchekwa, wdg, n'elu metal workpieces mgbe nwere oxide ọnụ ọgụgụ, nchara ịkpụzi ájá, ịgbado ọkụ slag, ájá, mmanụ na ndị ọzọ unyi. Ka ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-agbanyesi ike n'elu ihe a na-arụ ọrụ, a ghaghị ihicha elu nke ọrụ ahụ tupu eserese. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ ga-emetụta ike njikọ na corrosion resistance nke mkpuchi na metal, ma na-eme ka isi metal ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ekpuchi ya. Ọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-emebi emebi n'okpuru nchebe nke oyi akwa, na-eme ka mkpuchi ahụ na-apụ apụ, na-emetụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndụ ọrụ nke workpiece. Enwere ike ịhụ na ebumnuche nke pretreatment elu nke metal workpieces bụ iji nye ezigbo mkpụrụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ihe mkpuchi chọrọ, nweta akwa nchekwa nchekwa dị mma, na ogologo ndụ ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ.
2. Mechanical Ọgwụgwọ
Ọ na-agụnye ịcha ahịhịa ahịhịa waya, ịgba agba agba na peening ájá.
Nchacha ahịhịa bụ na moto na-ebugharị ahịhịa ahịhịa, na ahịhịa ahịhịa na-agbagharị n'ọsọ dị elu n'elu elu na ala nke warara ahụ n'ụzọ megidere mmegharị nke mpempe mpịakọta iji wepụ ọnụ ọgụgụ oxide. A na-asachapụ ọnụ ọgụgụ oxide ígwè a kpochara site na iji usoro ịsa mmiri na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ mechiri emechi.
Mgbawa agbawa bụ usoro iji centrifugal ike mee ka projectile dị ngwa ma tinye ya na ebe a na-arụ ọrụ maka iwepụ nchara na nhicha. Otú ọ dị, ịgbawa agbawa nwere adịghị mma mgbanwe na saịtị na-ejedebeghị. Ọ bụ ntakịrị kpuru ìsì mgbe ị na-ehicha ihe na-arụ ọrụ, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmepụta nkuku nwụrụ anwụ n'elu ime ụlọ nke na-enweghị ike ihicha. Ọdịdị nke ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-eyi uwe, karịsịa agụba na akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-eyi ngwa ngwa, oge nhazi oge-awa dị ọtụtụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, na ntinye ego nke otu oge buru ibu. N'iji ogbugba ogbugba maka ọgwụgwọ elu, ike mmetụta dị ukwuu, na mmetụta nhicha ahụ pụtara ìhè.
Otú ọ dị, ọgwụgwọ nke mkpa efere workpieces site ogbugba peening nwere ike mfe deform na workpiece, na ígwè ogbugba akụri n'elu nke workpiece (n'agbanyeghị shot ịgbawa ma ọ bụ gbaa peening) deform metal mkpụrụ. N'ihi na ferroferric oxide na ferroferric oxide enweghị plastik, ha ga-agbaji. Mgbe peeling apụ, mmanụ ihe nkiri deforms ọnụ na ihe onwunwe, ya mere ogbugba ogbunigwe na ogbugba ogbunigwe enweghị ike wepu kpamkpam mmanụ stains na-arụ ọrụ ibe na mmanụ stains. N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ elu dị ugbu a maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ, mmetụta kachasị mma ihicha bụ ájá ájá. Sandblasting adabara ihicha workpiece elu na elu chọrọ.
3. Ọgwụgwọ Plasma
Plasma bụ nchịkọta nke ihe dị mma na-ebubo nke ọma na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma (gụnyere ion dị mma, ion ọjọọ, electrons, free radicals na iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, wdg). Ebubo ndị dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma hà nhata. Ya mere, a na-akpọ ya plasma, nke bụ ala nke anọ nke ihe dị na ya na mgbakwunye na steeti siri ike, mmiri mmiri na gas-plasma steeti. Ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'elu plasma bụ ihe na-emepụta plasma, pipeline nnyefe gas na nozzle plasma. Onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta plasma na-emepụta ike dị elu na ume ugboro ugboro na nozzle steel pipe ka a na-arụ ọrụ ma na-achịkwa ya iji mepụta plasma dị ala na-ekpo ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke, site n'enyemaka nke ikuku mkpakọ A na-efesa plasma na elu nke workpiece.
Mgbe plasma na elu nke ihe a na-ahazi na-ezukọ, ihe ahụ gbanwere na mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-eme. E hichaa elu ahụ, ma wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke hydrocarbon dị ka griiz na ihe mgbakwunye inyeaka, ma ọ bụ etched na roughened, ma ọ bụ guzobe oyi akwa jikọtara ọnụ, ma ọ bụ webata otu polar nwere oxygen (hydroxyl, carboxyl), ndị otu a nwere. mmetụta nke ịkwalite nchikota nke ihe mkpuchi dị iche iche, ma emeziwanye ya na ntinye na agba agba. N'okpuru otu mmetụta ahụ, ntinye nke elu ọgwụgwọ plasma nwere ike nweta ihe mkpuchi dị elu nke dị oke mkpa, nke bara uru maka njikọ, mkpuchi na ibipụta. Ọ dịghị mkpa maka igwe ndị ọzọ, ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ na ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike iji mee ka adhesion dịkwuo elu.
4. Usoro electrochemical
Electrochemical elu ọgwụgwọ na-eji electrode mmeghachi omume na-etolite a mkpuchi n'elu nke workpiece, nke tumadi gụnyere electroplating na anodic oxidation.
Mgbe workpiece bụ cathode na electrolyte ngwọta. A na-akpọ usoro nke ịmepụta mkpuchi n'elu n'okpuru ọrụ nke mpụga ugbu a na-akpọ electroplating. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere ike ịbụ ígwè, alloy, semiconductor ma ọ bụ nwere ihe dị iche iche siri ike, dị ka ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa, nickel plating, wdg.
Mgbe na ngwọta electrolyte, workpiece bụ anode. Usoro nke ịmepụta ihe nkiri oxide n'elu n'okpuru ọrụ nke mpụga ugbu a na-akpọ anodization, dị ka anodization nke aluminum alloy. Enwere ike ịme ọgwụgwọ oxidation nke ígwè site na usoro kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ electrochemical. Usoro kemịkalụ bụ itinye workpiece na ngwọta oxidizing, na ịdabere na ọrụ kemịkalụ iji mepụta ihe nkiri oxide n'elu ihe ahụ, dị ka bluing nke nchara.
5. Usoro ọgwụ
The elu ọgwụgwọ nke chemical usoro enweghị ugbu a mmetụta, na-eji mmekọrịta nke chemical bekee na-etolite plating oyi akwa n'elu nke workpiece. Ụzọ ndị bụ isi bụ ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi ntughari kemịkalụ na plating electroless.
Na ngwọta electrolyte, metal workpiece enweghị ihe mpụga ugbu a, na ihe kemịkalụ na ngwọta na-emekọ ihe na workpiece na-etolite mkpuchi n'elu ya, nke a na-akpọ chemical mgbanwe film ọgwụgwọ. Dị ka bluing, phosphating, passivation, na chromium ọgwụgwọ nnu n'elu ígwè. Na ngwọta electrolyte, a na-emeso elu nke workpiece na-enweghị mmetụta nke ugbu a. Na ngwọta, n'ihi mbelata nke ihe kemịkalụ, usoro nke itinye ihe ụfọdụ n'elu n'elu workpiece na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi a na-akpọ electroless plating, dị ka electroless nickel, Electroless ọla kọpa plating, wdg.
6. Usoro nhazi ọkụ
Usoro nhazi ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ịgbaze ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu iji mepụta mkpuchi n'elu ọrụ ahụ. Ụzọ ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a:
1) Na-ekpo ọkụ itinye efere
A na-akpọ usoro itinye ihe eji arụ ọrụ igwe n'ime ọla a wụrụ awụ iji mee mkpuchi n'elu ya ka a na-akpọ plating na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka galvanizing na-ekpo ọkụ na aluminom na-ekpo ọkụ.
2) Mgbasa ọkụ
A na-akpọ usoro nke atomizing ọla a wụrụ awụ na ịgbanye ya n'elu ihe arụrụ arụ ka ọ bụrụ mkpuchi a na-akpọ spraying thermal, dị ka zinc na-ekpo ọkụ na aluminom na-ekpo ọkụ.
3) Hot Stamping
Usoro kpo oku na ịpị metal foil n'elu nke workpiece na-etolite a mkpuchi oyi akwa a na-akpọ na-ekpo ọkụ stamping, dị ka na-ekpo ọkụ stamping aluminum foil.
4) Ọgwụgwọ ọkụ kemịkalụ
Usoro nke workpiece bụ kọntaktị na chemical bekee na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, na a ụfọdụ mmewere abanye n'elu nke workpiece na a elu okpomọkụ na-akpọ chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, dị ka nitriding na carburizing.
7. Electrophoresis
Dị ka ihe electrode, na workpiece na-etinye n'ime conductive mmiri-soluble ma ọ bụ mmiri-emulsified agba, na-etolite a sekit na ndị ọzọ electrode na agba. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik, a na-ekewa ihe ngwọta mkpuchi n'ime ions resin ebubo, cations na-aga na cathode, na anions na-aga na anode. A na-etinye ion resin ndị a na-ebubo, yana ihe ndị a na-etinye n'ụdị pigmenti, na-agbanye n'elu nke ọrụ ahụ iji mepụta mkpuchi. A na-akpọ usoro a electrophoresis.
8. Electrostatic spraying
N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik dị elu nke DC, a na-eduzi ụmụ irighiri ihe agba agba agba agba agba ka ha fega n'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ka ha nweta ihe nkiri agba, nke a na-akpọ static spraying.
Oge nzipu: Sep-12-2021